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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulants are medications that help those suffering from ADHD focus and control their impulsive behaviour. They can be either long- or short-acting and are prescribed by paediatricians, psychiatrists or neurologists (and doctors in certain situations). Stimulants alter dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. They are tightly controlled and can only be ordered by a doctor. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a substance that is part of the class of stimulants and stimulates the activity of certain regions of the brain. It boosts the levels of certain chemicals, such as dopamine and noradrenaline. This aids in controlling the behavior and attention. Methylphenidate is a treatment option to treat ADHD as well as narcolepsy and other conditions. It is also prescribed to treat depression in adults, although it is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Methylphenidate is absorbed from the gut into the bloodstream swiftly and is effective within a matter of hours. It is available in the form of an immediate-release tablet or an extended-release chewable capsule or tablet. The doctor will determine the most appropriate formulation based on the person's symptoms and the risk of adverse effects. The effects of methylphenidate tend to be minimal and fade over time, as the body adjusts to the medication. If they continue to bother you, talk to the doctor who can lower the dose or try an alternative medication. It is important to take the medication according to the prescription. Don't overdose the dosage recommended. This reduces the risk for addiction or abuse. The US Drug Enforcement Administration has classified the methylphenidate drug as a Schedule II substance, which means it is extremely vulnerable to abuse. Stimulants can cause dependence and withdrawal when not taken in the manner prescribed by a doctor. It is essential to inform the doctor that your child is suffering from heart issues, like irregular heartbeats or a history of a heart attack. Methylphenidate can increase the heart rate and that's why doctors will test their heart rate and blood pressure before starting treatment. It is also essential to inform the doctor that your child is taking other medicines, such as herbal remedies or vitamins and supplements. The doctor will advise you how much medicine to take and how often, as well any other precautions. Methylphenidate is typically taken two times every day, with meals. Some brands of long-acting methylphenidate tablets (Quillichew ER; Cotempla XR -ODT and Adhansia XR), contain aspartame. Aspartame is a major source of Phenylalanine and should not be consumed by people suffering from phenylketonuria. It is important to stay clear of alcohol and other drugs when taking this medication. Some people may experience a decrease in appetite while taking methylphenidate. Encourage your child to consume regular meals and snacks in case they are losing weight. They may also need to drink a lot of squash or water to stay hydrated. Lisdexamfetamine Lisdexamfetamine is a central nerve system stimulant sold under the brand name Vyvanse. It acts on chemicals found in the brain as well as the nerves. It enhances concentration and control of impulses in adolescents, children and adults with ADHD. It treats binge-eating disorder (BED) in addition to increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. medication for adhd decreases the amount of food that is consumed. Lisdexamfetamine belongs to the prodrug class, which is a modified medication that is inactive until it's processed in the body. It has shown efficacy and safety in both stimulant naive patients and stimulant exposed patients with ADHD. It is also believed to have a greater lasting effect than other stimulants and could be less susceptible to rebound symptoms. In a 12-week trial that was controlled by placebo, Adler et al27 found significant improvements in ADHD-RS-IV scores. They also noted that the majority of those who were switched to placebo relapsed after two weeks.28 In addition, Brams et al29 used an innovative method for a randomized withdrawal study in which they followed 116 adults for 12 weeks after stopping treatment with lisdexamfetamine. They discovered that a majority of those who relapsed had not been exposed to other stimulants in the past two weeks. It is important to tell your doctor if there are any allergies to this medication or any other medication. Also, let your doctor know that you have high blood pressure, heart disease, or any other heart-related issues. The use of stimulants can increase the risk of having a stroke heart attack, stroke, or sudden death among people suffering from these conditions. Lisdexamfetamine can pass into breast milk and harm a nursing baby. It is advised not to breastfeed while taking this medicine. Some patients might experience dizziness, shakiness or stomach upsets while taking this medication. Lisdexamfetamine has not been approved for children under six years of age. Lisdexamfetamine is not a prescription drug for use by people who are pregnant or breastfeeding. It is not recommended to stop taking this medication unless your physician tells you to even if you are feeling better. Your doctor will probably want to monitor your blood pressure and heart rate when you take this medication. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine, also referred to as Strattera is a non-stimulant which works by blocking presynaptic transporters that are part of norepinephrine. It is highly specific for this transporter, and has a low affinity for other neurotransmitter transportation systems or receptors [115, 136and 136. In multiple placebo-controlled studies, it improved the inhibitory control of ADHD patients by reducing overactivation on the right inferior cortex (Chamberlain and coworkers, 2009). It was also found to increase working memory and attention span in children suffering from ADHD. It can take up to 12 weeks to see its full effects. The dosage is determined by weight and should be increased gradually. A once-daily dosage is typical. The drug's poor metabolizers the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) have greater exposure and slower elimination of atomoxetine. the pharmacogenetic test is recommended prior to prescribing atomoxetine to those. It has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of ADHD in several controlled studies, and is often used as an initial treatment. It is generally safe and well tolerated and does not increase the risk of suicidal behaviour. It isn't as efficient as stimulants in reducing anxiety and tics, and it does not seem to reduce sleep problems however it has been demonstrated to reduce aggression in children. Atomoxetine is more akin to the antidepressant, the fluoxetine. Therefore it is recommended that they not be taken at the same time. Two other drugs that are frequently prescribed as a first-line treatment option for ADHD are Clonidine (Catapres, Kapvay) and Guanfacine (Tenex, Intuniv). These medications were originally developed to lower high pressure in adults. These drugs are known as alpha agonists. They work by stimulating receptors in the brain to release norepinephrine neurotransmitter, which can decrease hyperactivity and impulsivity. These medications take a while to work, and it may take up to four weeks in the case of many children before they experience any benefits. Additionally they are not suggested for use with MAOIs (e.g. Phenelzine is not recommended due to the risk of serious and potentially fatal adverse reactions, including severe hypothermia and rigidity, myoclonus, and autonomic instability. Other Stimulants Stimulants are substances that increase activity in the nervous system. They comprise a variety of drugs, some legal, others illicit. They can be used to enhance performance, stay awake or alert and treat certain medical conditions like ADHD, narcolepsy and depression. Amphetamines, methylphenidate, and other prescription stimulants can be utilized. The term stimulant is also used to refer to non-prescription drugs like diet pills and caffeine. They are often used for various reasons, but can be harmful when used in conjunction in conjunction with certain food items or medications. Stimants can cause side effects, even though they do not cause habit-forming at the doses prescribed to treat ADHD. Some people may feel jittery or shaky. They can cause a tense stomach and increase blood pressure. Some children and teens who are taking stimulants might have the tics or repetitive movements or sounds, such as eye blinking and throat clearing. They might also have some minor delays in growth. A doctor will decide the best stimulant for you or your child. They will take into consideration other factors, including weight, age and if your child or you have any allergies. They will then prescribe the medication. Always follow the directions of your physician. Always review the Medication Guide that is included with your medication. Medicines aren't the only method to treat symptoms of ADHD However, they're typically the first step in treatment. Everyone of any age can benefit from psychosocial interventions, such as family therapy and behavior modification. People who are prescribed ADHD medication should be screened for the possibility of abuse and misuse assessed, and be counseled not to share their medication with anyone else. They should also be encouraged to keep any medication they no longer use away and properly disposed of. Health professionals must also regularly assess and check patients for signs of abuse, misuse or addiction. The FDA is requiring more consistent information to be provided on the label of a drug to inform patients and their families about the serious dangers.